复习资料(2.4)
4、Orthographic representation of speech sounds –broad and narrow transcriptions
语音的书写形式-宽式和窄式音标
IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标
There are two ways to transcribe speech sounds. One is the transcription with letter-symbols (字母符号) only, called broad transcription (宽式音标). The other is the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics (变音符号), called narrow transcription (窄式音标).
实例:
对pit/spit中p音的比较:
pit中的p是送气音,在窄式音标中标为上标,写作:[phit]
spit中的p是不送气音,在宽式音标中不作标示,写作:[spit]
对leaf/feel/build/health中l音的比较:
Leaf中l 在元音前,叫清晰音,在宽式音标中不作标示,写作:[li:f]
Feel中l出现在单词结尾,叫模糊音,在窄式音标中加变音符号[~]
Build中l出现在另一个辅音前,也叫模糊音,在窄式音标中也加变音符号[~]
Health中l出现在齿音前,受其影响叫齿音[l],在窄式音标中加变音符号[II]