复习资料（2.10）
10、Suprasegmental features- stress, tone, intonation
超切分特征：重音、声调和语调
Distinctive features can also be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasegmental features include stress, intonation, and tone.
区别性特征也可以在由两个或多个音位切分成分所组成的系列中体现出来。出现在切分层面之上的音系特征叫做超切分特征。它们时音节、单词和句子等语言单位的音系特征。主要的超切分特征包括重音、音调和语调。
A)Stress 重音
重要的规则：
I. 一个单词如果既可以作名词，又可以作动词，则名词重音在第一个音节上，相应的动词重音则在第二个音节上。如import。
II. 英语复合词的重音常在第一个成分上，第二个成分是次重音。如hotdog。
B) Tone 声调
英语不是声调语言，这里不作研究。
C)Intonation 语调
When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation.
当音高、重音和音长依附于一个句子而不是单个单词时，这些音素合起来叫做语调。
English has four basic types of intonation: the falling tone, the rising tone, the fall-rise tone, and the rise-fall tone. The most frequently used are the first three.
英语中有四种基本语调：降调、升调、降升调、升降调。最常用的是前三种。